[
  {
    "year": -2000,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ErlitouXia.PNG",
    "sha256": "e073929a9a33771bdb29ee5071df19091d17b32c68d1a9e6fc3d87327e7a1c75",
    "license": "Public-domain",
    "author": "Wikimedia Commons contributors; see archived file metadata and history",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/ErlitouXia.PNG.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": -1601,
    "dateLabel": "",
    "temporalPrecision": "year",
    "uncertain": true,
    "uncertainty": "范围描自张光直《The Archaeology of Ancient China》（1986）的二里头文化遗址分布图（公有领域），是考古学文化的对应范围，不是已证实的夏朝国界；图上另记文献所传夏都位置。",
    "controlRmsKm": 21.2,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Xia"],
    "labels": {
      "Xia": [112.8073, 34.7772]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": -1600,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shang_dynasty.svg",
    "sha256": "41ed399c2e1491e3b14d02f15df32f820dae4c8c82d8e0acac798e80f404b510",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
    "author": "Lamassu Design Gurdjieff (talk)",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Shang-dynasty.svg.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": -1047,
    "dateLabel": "商代范围示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": true,
    "uncertainty": "据后世文献绘制的概略范围；各阶段控制程度不同，不能视为商代始终不变的国界。",
    "controlRmsKm": 7.0,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Shang"],
    "labels": {
      "Shang": [114.6573, 33.7104]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": -1000,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Zhou_geography.svg",
    "sha256": "ad57cb86484d4ad5093b3309723f34a7d38af1f082bd3d709661e96bcf9cee00",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "Kanguole",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Western-Zhou-geography.svg.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": -771,
    "dateLabel": "",
    "temporalPrecision": "year",
    "uncertain": true,
    "uncertainty": "西周分封诸侯没有可复原的疆界成图，仅显示王室直接控制的王畿两面（岐周—丰镐与成周洛邑）。几何描自维基共享资源《Western Zhou geography.svg》（Kanguole 绘，CC BY-SA 4.0，自然地球地形与历史河道作底）。",
    "controlRmsKm": 19.2,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Western Zhou"],
    "labels": {
      "Western Zhou": [109.0648, 34.9368]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": -500,
    "url": "https://github.com/aourednik/historical-basemaps/blob/master/geojson/world_bc500.geojson",
    "sha256": "f72bc06ca45a9f680f20ef6007aaccd13a929cd1b632bd0fb41f161cb51ba3f6",
    "license": "GPL-3.0",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "kind": "snapshot",
    "validUntil": -476,
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "源数据合并表示春秋诸侯的大致范围，尚无各国独立边界。",
    "modification": "Selected named features; coordinates preserved. Display keys normalized; original names retained in ORIGINAL_NAME.",
    "features": ["Spring Autumn States"],
    "labels": {
      "Spring Autumn States": [112.9366, 33.6651]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": -403,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Early_Warring_States_Period.png",
    "sha256": "158338537d5e52e5fc9f628708dd80f940684374a769f886f4706a70fcf668d2",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SY",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Early-Warring-States-Period.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": -222,
    "dateLabel": "战国早期分国示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "重绘主要诸侯；部分小国与飞地省略。此图仅作战国早期参考，不表示所选年份的即时边界。",
    "controlRmsKm": 52.5,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": [
      "Warring Qin",
      "Warring Wei",
      "Warring Zhao",
      "Warring Yan",
      "Zhongshan",
      "Warring Qi",
      "Warring Han",
      "Warring Chu",
      "Warring Yue",
      "Ancient Shu",
      "Ancient Ba",
      "Warring Song",
      "Warring Lu"
    ],
    "labels": {
      "Warring Qin": [107.8777, 34.6902],
      "Warring Wei": [113.9057, 35.5837],
      "Warring Zhao": [112.4889, 38.2623],
      "Warring Yan": [117.9538, 39.7339],
      "Zhongshan": [115.0387, 37.9919],
      "Warring Qi": [120.7449, 36.8917],
      "Warring Han": [112.9333, 34.3259],
      "Warring Chu": [114.2807, 30.6297],
      "Warring Yue": [119.1454, 31.7979],
      "Ancient Shu": [105.248, 30.6969],
      "Ancient Ba": [108.3148, 30.4741],
      "Warring Song": [116.1962, 34.1718],
      "Warring Lu": [117.1443, 35.2765]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": -221,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qin_Dynasty.png",
    "sha256": "986bf92210feee691858e49b215d86f942bb256b1fda03ea06206a0ac004b201",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SY",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Qin-Dynasty.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": -207,
    "dateLabel": "秦代郡县范围示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "参考图汇总秦代郡县，包含统一后的拓展；不能作为前221年当年的完整疆界。",
    "controlRmsKm": 46.7,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Qin Empire"],
    "labels": {
      "Qin Empire": [111.9831, 31.4054]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": -200,
    "url": "https://github.com/aourednik/historical-basemaps/blob/master/geojson/world_bc200.geojson",
    "sha256": "e192a3330a7e51358b61a6bfffaf6ff3e9ebf4eb96b532a23632316e86066a80",
    "license": "GPL-3.0",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "kind": "snapshot",
    "validUntil": -112,
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "西汉初期概略范围；此后战争与郡国调整未逐年复原。",
    "modification": "Selected named features; coordinates preserved. Display keys normalized; original names retained in ORIGINAL_NAME.",
    "features": ["Minyue", "Nanyue", "Western Han"],
    "labels": {
      "Minyue": [117.1938, 25.9668],
      "Nanyue": [106.1733, 21.3289],
      "Western Han": [111.8242, 32.5019]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": -1,
    "url": "https://github.com/aourednik/historical-basemaps/blob/master/geojson/world_bc1.geojson",
    "sha256": "830fac0104ebafff7b576333cd5ab4a9bf4b6f732ddf828cec47797cf65047cb",
    "license": "GPL-3.0",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "kind": "snapshot",
    "validUntil": 8,
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "西汉末概略切片；西域都护等不同层级的控制不能由单一色块完整表达。",
    "modification": "Selected named features; coordinates preserved. Display keys normalized; original names retained in ORIGINAL_NAME.",
    "features": ["Western Han"],
    "labels": {
      "Western Han": [110.8727, 30.2012]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 9,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xin_Dynasty.png",
    "sha256": "817751004bf0d3c4e5bc4f340c0dfa22e3ec043f5c4f583fd814e128b51b2f29",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SS",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Xin-Dynasty.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 22,
    "dateLabel": "新朝时期示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "原图标题作8—23年；年表采用通常的9—23年。仅作时期范围，不包含更始政权。",
    "controlRmsKm": 64.6,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Xin"],
    "labels": {
      "Xin": [111.3224, 31.0615]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 100,
    "url": "https://github.com/aourednik/historical-basemaps/blob/master/geojson/world_100.geojson",
    "sha256": "d3dba3d4988e481d6438821b7fad847946f7d549c602ebc5a3b49c508358f6ef",
    "license": "GPL-3.0",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "modification": "Selected named features; coordinates and source properties preserved.",
    "features": ["Han"],
    "labels": {
      "Han": [110.8727, 30.2012]
    },
    "validUntil": 219
  },
  {
    "year": 262,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Kingdoms.png",
    "sha256": "2debeedd7d531ff9f9e3e6b808a774cd0da7124ba4117bb1a2afc89b1d1de234",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SY",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Three-Kingdoms.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 279,
    "dateLabel": "",
    "temporalPrecision": "year",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "概略描绘262年魏、蜀、吴；后续吞并节点复用这些形状，只改变归属。",
    "controlRmsKm": 44.7,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Cao Wei", "Shu Han", "Eastern Wu"],
    "labels": {
      "Cao Wei": [115.3434, 36.7351],
      "Shu Han": [104.1094, 27.6331],
      "Eastern Wu": [114.3013, 26.3633]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 263,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Kingdoms.png",
    "sha256": "2debeedd7d531ff9f9e3e6b808a774cd0da7124ba4117bb1a2afc89b1d1de234",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SY",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Three-Kingdoms.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 279,
    "dateLabel": "",
    "temporalPrecision": "event",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "概略描绘262年魏、蜀、吴；后续吞并节点复用这些形状，只改变归属。",
    "controlRmsKm": 44.7,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "derivedFromYear": 262,
    "ownershipChanges": {
      "Shu Han": "Cao Wei"
    },
    "features": ["Cao Wei", "Eastern Wu"],
    "labels": {
      "Cao Wei": [110.3343, 32.2844],
      "Eastern Wu": [114.3013, 26.3633]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 266,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Kingdoms.png",
    "sha256": "2debeedd7d531ff9f9e3e6b808a774cd0da7124ba4117bb1a2afc89b1d1de234",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SY",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Three-Kingdoms.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 279,
    "dateLabel": "",
    "temporalPrecision": "event",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "概略描绘262年魏、蜀、吴；后续吞并节点复用这些形状，只改变归属。",
    "controlRmsKm": 44.7,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "derivedFromYear": 262,
    "ownershipChanges": {
      "Shu Han": "Western Jin",
      "Cao Wei": "Western Jin"
    },
    "features": ["Western Jin", "Eastern Wu"],
    "labels": {
      "Western Jin": [110.3343, 32.2844],
      "Eastern Wu": [114.3013, 26.3633]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 280,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_Western_Jin.PNG",
    "sha256": "9c0564e9a09510499e1ed56f00be39366c28042f8f81710cb9850159d3674a34",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
    "author": "Japanese Wikipedia contributors; transferred to Commons by LiDaobing (2005). See linked original and file history.",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/China-Western-Jin.PNG.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 303,
    "dateLabel": "西晋统一初期示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "原图表示280年统一后至304年前。低分辨率底图的配准误差较大，仅用于区域概览。",
    "controlRmsKm": 103.5,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Western Jin"],
    "labels": {
      "Western Jin": [113.1478, 32.414]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 376,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sixteen_Kingdoms_376_AD.jpg",
    "sha256": "f118da68971cfbca0b8663628841c14aff5f9109a9564ef6f275384e340539dc",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SY",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Sixteen-Kingdoms-376-AD.jpg.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 382,
    "dateLabel": "",
    "temporalPrecision": "year",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "前秦统一北方后的概略格局；原图南缘被裁切，南部范围不完整。383年以后不再沿用此图。",
    "controlRmsKm": 28.8,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Former Qin", "Eastern Jin"],
    "labels": {
      "Former Qin": [109.9074, 35.1148],
      "Eastern Jin": [113.301, 28.3004]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 439,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_and_Southern_Dynasties_1.png",
    "sha256": "685338a052a3cd0b6ab62404749e964eca3ad1cbd24b4544ba12dac89647b1ed",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SS",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Northern-and-Southern-Dynasties-1.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 478,
    "dateLabel": "北魏与刘宋时期示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "原图未标单年；以439年北魏统一北方为浏览入口，边界仅表示这一阶段的大致格局。",
    "controlRmsKm": 34.2,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Northern Wei", "Liu Song"],
    "labels": {
      "Northern Wei": [107.1945, 39.0638],
      "Liu Song": [110.9393, 27.7961]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 479,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_and_Southern_Dynasties_2.png",
    "sha256": "cab64c7f33c1ea11b1c76a2ecd876054aa7b0ed463d961950a00326f763be739",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SS",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Northern-and-Southern-Dynasties-2.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 501,
    "dateLabel": "北魏与南齐时期示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "阶段地图，不能对应所选单年的全部边界。",
    "controlRmsKm": 34.2,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Northern Wei", "Southern Qi"],
    "labels": {
      "Northern Wei": [108.2943, 38.5163],
      "Southern Qi": [109.0836, 26.2149]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 535,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_and_Southern_Dynasties_3.png",
    "sha256": "93ca9af20af95e7de45c54000513a1b63ec8ca130045d1ae8d77e6263e554a86",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SS",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Northern-and-Southern-Dynasties-3.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 549,
    "dateLabel": "东魏、西魏与梁时期示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "北魏分裂后的阶段概览；并非535年即时边界。",
    "controlRmsKm": 34.2,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Western Wei", "Eastern Wei", "Liang"],
    "labels": {
      "Western Wei": [105.5172, 37.7251],
      "Eastern Wei": [114.2699, 37.6895],
      "Liang": [109.0836, 26.2149]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 557,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_and_Southern_Dynasties_4.png",
    "sha256": "89f124fd5ac69850618cff06e4c32363066d3565d1c01b760b4a6d68b3016113",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SS",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Northern-and-Southern-Dynasties-4.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 580,
    "dateLabel": "北周、北齐与陈时期示意",
    "temporalPrecision": "period",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "保留西梁；原图概括一段时期，不能对应557年当年边界。577年合并北齐形状仅示意归属变化。",
    "controlRmsKm": 34.2,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "features": ["Northern Zhou", "Northern Qi", "Western Liang", "Chen"],
    "labels": {
      "Northern Zhou": [108.671, 31.8615],
      "Northern Qi": [114.7555, 35.9987],
      "Western Liang": [112.3104, 30.2909],
      "Chen": [114.0689, 25.0352]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 577,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_and_Southern_Dynasties_4.png",
    "sha256": "89f124fd5ac69850618cff06e4c32363066d3565d1c01b760b4a6d68b3016113",
    "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
    "author": "SS",
    "accessed": "2026-10-03",
    "referenceImage": "history-references/Northern-and-Southern-Dynasties-4.png.reference.png",
    "kind": "reconstruction",
    "validUntil": 580,
    "dateLabel": "",
    "temporalPrecision": "event",
    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "保留西梁；原图概括一段时期，不能对应557年当年边界。577年合并北齐形状仅示意归属变化。",
    "controlRmsKm": 34.2,
    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
    "derivedFromYear": 557,
    "ownershipChanges": {
      "Northern Qi": "Northern Zhou"
    },
    "features": ["Northern Zhou", "Western Liang", "Chen"],
    "labels": {
      "Northern Zhou": [111.2864, 32.1164],
      "Western Liang": [112.3104, 30.2909],
      "Chen": [114.0689, 25.0352]
    }
  },
  {
    "year": 610,
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sui_Dynasty.png",
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    "uncertain": false,
    "uncertainty": "依610年行政区划图概略重绘，包含609年吐谷浑及610年伊吾扩展。",
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    "modification": "Manual generalized pixel tracing, affine georeferencing, geometry repair and smaller-polity precedence. Period maps are not exact-year snapshots. See early-georeference-review.json.",
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